Space Storms Essay Research Paper Space StormsI free essay sample

Space Storms Essay, Research Paper Space Storms I. Presentation For mature ages, residents in the United States have had dish to broadcast conditions each piece great as radio recognition and extending pictures of tempest movement from around the universe. Climate expectation has gotten dynamically exact with the advancement of building and ought to proceed to procure better. For the main part of individuals following the conditions has become a regular bit of their lives. As a general public we appear to be acceptable taught about the conditions occurring on our ain planet however we know little of the conditions that happens in unbounded. Space conditions influences the Earth from various perspectives. In under a twelvemonth researchers would like to have the option to foresee the conditions in limitless like meteorologists do here on Earth. Another ballistic case called IMAGE ( which I will talk in this way in thing ) , propelled in 2000 and will move numerous instruments that will paint a picture of unending conditions for researchers. We will compose a custom exposition test on Space Storms Essay Research Paper Space StormsI or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Researchers will so have the option to foresee when endless tempests will hit. A great many people wear # 8217 ; t even notification when a limitless tempest is going on however they are as yet influenced. Space storms have the most horrible impacts on power networks, orbiters, and spacemans. During unbounded tempests a solid current is made in the upper environment called the auroral electrojet. This is made from numerous negatrons going at high speeds towards the Earth each piece great as charged iotas whirling around the Earth and conflicting with the upper feeling. This flow can do changes in the geomagnetic field, which can do electrical rushs in electrical cables on the land. A delineation is on March 13, 1989, an extraordinary geomagnetic storm took out the Hydro-Quebec power framework and set enormous pieces of Canada into haziness. Satellites are influenced when molecules strike the orbiter and the exchange # 8217 ; s surface gets charged. Some of the time this development can trip a flash that will hamper orbiters hardware. Space storms other than heat the Earth # 8217 ; s air, which makes it spread out. On the off chance that the vibe extends far bounty out it can come in the orbiters circle and drag it descending. This situation happened in 1979 and caused the untimely harvest time of Skylab. Space travelers are other than at danger during awful interminable tempests. During a tempest the spacemans could be presented to protons that could puncture their spacesuits. A few tempests might be incredible bounty to puncture the limitless station dividers. NASA delegate endless conditions informations to educate and shield their spacemans from any risky conditions. NASA will prorogue or cancel any arranged unbounded strolls and may arrange the spacemans to look for cover in a protected segment of the boundless station if approaching conditions looks risky. Climate in unending, like suffer here on Earth, is exceptionally factor. Conditionss in vast can go from being truly quiet to a horrible tempest in an issue of proceedingss. Space tempests can keep going for quite a long time or even yearss. Climate in limitless follows rhythms like earth # 8217 ; s conditions that changes with the seasons. Sun oriented attractive action is the thing that causes sunlight based styles and coronal mass removals ( CME ) , rises and falls like clockwork and geometric tempests follow a similar structure. This unending mood goes from sunlight based least to sun based maximal at regular intervals. Space conditions is other than somewhat influenced by the suns 27-day revolving movement period that causes conduits of quick and decelerate sunlight based air current to brush past the Earth. Space conditions, is made by unexpected methodology in comparison to the 1s answerable for making conditions on Earth. Terrestrial conditions is made by thick, electrically unoriginal gas in the Earth # 8217 ; s lower climate that is formed by the Torahs of thermodynamics and liquid kineticss. Earthbound conditions other than outcomes from the Sun # 8217 ; s radiation as it warms the Earth # 8217 ; s seas, land masss, and climate. Conversely, vast conditions comprises essentially of plasma. Plasma is a truly slight gas that comprises of an equivalent figure of decidedly charged particles and contrarily charged negatrons. These plasma iotas are impacted by electric and magn etic Fieldss that direct and accelerate the iotas through endless. Climate in boundless around the Earths magnetosphere results from a collaboration between the earth’s attractive field and sun based air current. II. ( IMAGE ) The IMAGE # 8211 ; # 8220 ; Imager for Magnetosphere-to Aurora-Global-Exploration # 8221 ; space-exchange, was propelled in 2000 and convey # 8217 ; s a few modern instruments that are utilized to identify the previously unseeable nations of the internal magnetosphere. Picture will other than investigate the riddle of the Earth # 8217 ; s plasma circle. The plasma circle is a toroid of cold thick plasma that encompasses the Earth in the inward magnetosphere. # 8220 ; The plasma area has some very much watched insider facts, # 8221 ; said Dr. Donald Carpenter of Stanford University. # 8220 ; We trust that a portion of these good instruments of IMAGE will reveal them. # 8221 ; The IMAGE ballistic case has on-board a most extreme UV ( EUV ) imager that identifies sunlight based EUV photons that are dispersed in the plasma circle. By using this ( EUV ) look into laborers will have the option to break down the planetary development each piece great as kineticss of the plasma circle and pl asma interlude. The natural structure of the IMAGE ballistic container is simply 2.25 meters expansive yet the aerials make IMAGE perhaps the greatest finder ever flown in unending. III. Geometric Storms Geomagnetic storms are arranged into two unique sorts: repetitive and non-intermittent. Enduring tempests happen from significant irritations in the magnetosphere when the interplanetary attractive field turns southerly and stays due south for a critical time of clasp. Interplanetary Magnetic Field ( IMF ) is a part of the Sun # 8217 ; s attractive field that movements into interplanetary unbounded by the sun powered air current. These tempests are called repetitive tempests since they happen each 27 yearss in similarity with the Sun # 8217 ; s revolving movement period. Enduring tempests are generally extraordinary during the intensifying phase of the suns mood. Non-repetitive tempests happen for the most bit during the sun powered maximal clasp of the sun mood. The main phase of a geomagnetic tempest can keep going each piece long as two to more than two yearss. Until the mid 1990 # 8217 ; s it was accepted that sun based styles activated geomagnetic storms. Presently it is accepted that Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME # 8217 ; s ) set off enormous geomagnetic storms. CME # 8217 ; s sever out the dynamic sun oriented surface of the Sun and shoot attractive plasma into unbounded. CME # 8217 ; s, found by ballistic case in the mid 1970 # 8217 ; s, expand some of the time 2 million kilometers from the suns surface. CME # 8217 ; s happen around one time every hebdomad during the sunlight based insignificant part of the cadence to sun based maximal rates at least two for each twenty-four hours. CME # 8217 ; s every now and again happen at a similar clasp as Solar Flares yet non ever. IV. Sun based Wind Sun based air current is the super-sonic progression of plasma into interplanetary interminable from the Sun # 8217 ; s aureole. Sun based Wind shifts in thickness, speed, temperature, and attractive field belongingss. These distinctions are in light of trances, moving edges, and turbulency that disturb the interplanetary stream. Normal speed and thickness for sun based air flows are 468 km for every second and 8.7 protons per three-dimensional centimeter. Sun oriented air flows now and again start at the coronal openings. Coronal gaps are portions of the Sun where the aureole is dim. Coronal gaps are related with # 8220 ; detached # 8221 ; attractive recorded lines and are regularly found at the Sun # 8217 ; s shafts. V. Bastile Day Storm ( July fifteenth # 8211 ; sixteenth ) # 8220 ; Presentation # 8221 ; I have talked about the impacts of unending conditions on universes each piece great when contrasted Space conditions with earthbound conditions. The new boundless climate forecaster # 8220 ; IMAGE # 8221 ; has been presented. A few limitless conditions develops have been examined, for example, Geometric tempests, CME # 8217 ; s, Solar Wind, IMF, Solar Flares, and the Bastile Day Storm. The Bastile Day Strom should hold tied the entirety of the features of endless tempests that I have examined together. Universes are toward the start of understanding unending conditions. The IMAGE ballistic case is a top of the line opportunity to spread out on that perception. With new advancements in building our discernment of unending conditions ought to some time or another exceed expectations even are most out of this world fantasies.

That time MIT was almost rebuilt on an artificial island in the middle of the Charles River

That time MIT was almost rebuilt on an artificial island in the middle of the Charles River This year MIT is celebrating a century in Cambridge. Boston Tech, as it was known then, was established in the Back Bay in 1865, but quickly ran out of room. Theres an incredibly interesting story to how MIT almost closed, then almost merged with Harvard, then actually merged, until the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court annulled the merger, then almost closed again, only to be saved by a last-minute  multimillion-dollar gift from an anonymous individual known for years only as Mr. Smith, which allowed it to move to Cambridge and build the core of the contemporary campus. This is not that story. Instead, this is the story of how MIT almost became a  pirate fortress in the middle of the Charles. Via Julie Barr over at the  Slice of MIT blog: In the early 1900s, MIT was quickly outgrowing its Back Bay campus. The leaders of the Institute wanted to make a new interconnected technology complex but there wasn’t any room to do that in the Back Bay. In search of a new location, they contemplated many options, including an island in the Charles River. “We don’t need all the space we have in the Charles, so why not put an island in the middle of it,” says Karl Haglund PhD ’97, author of Inventing the Charles River. At the time, the land in Cambridge was undeveloped, unappealing, and industrial. “So it made some sense from a Bostonian perspective to try to extend the Boston sort of consciousness out in the water,” says MIT Professor Mark Jarzombek PhD ’86. One argument for the island was that it could house MIT’s campus and extend Boston’s residential Back Bay area and create new, valuable real estate. The proposals were modeled after European cities with islands such as the Ile de Cite in Paris. The first two proposals were submitted by landscape architect Arthur Schurcliff 1894 and the third proposal was submitted by Ralph Adams Cram, who would later become the head of the MIT architecture department. The set of 1911 proposals, submitted by Robert Bellows, included one island sketch with a space for MIT’s new campus. I am glad we are in Cambridge, now, but I am sort of mad that the MIT Pirates Certificate is a novelty and not, like, a historical necessity. As it happens, were sort of running out of space here in admissions, so I think I am going to start a petition to revive these plans and relocate the admissions office to an island somewhere between the Longfellow and Mass Ave bridges. Because the only thing better than being the King of the Internet would be being the Pirate King of the Internet.

A Report On The Security System - 1617 Words

In December of 2015, Syed Rizwan Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik killed 14 people at a holiday party in San Bernardino, California. Authorities believe the two attackers were influenced by violent jihadist ideology. Both Farook and Malik were killed later that day in a gunfight with the authorities. Upon searching their house, law enforcement confiscated Farook’s corporate owned iPhone (Brown, 2016, p. 8). However, when the FBI tried to unlock this iPhone, they discovered that the security system in place on it would erase everything on the phone if more than ten unsuccessful attempts to open it occur. As a result, the Department of Justice asked Apple to help them gain access to the phone’s data (Sydell Wertheimer, 2016).†¦show more content†¦Hackers have been threatening people’s personal and private information for years, and companies like Apple have been aggressively developing and implementing better ways to keep digital information securer . If the government successfully forces this backdoor open, hackers are sure to find a way into it which will threaten millions of people’s security. It will expose digital communication to identity theft, hackers, and government agencies overreaching their legal boundaries. Dan Costa (2016) in PC Magazine stated, â€Å"Thanks to Edward Snowden, we also have ample evidence that the United States government maximizes every opportunity to intercept communications in the name of national security† (p.6). Also, this is in direct violation of the 4th Amendment, which states that people have the right to be secure against unlawful seizures of houses, papers, and effects. According to an expert on human rights with the United Nations, David Kaye, a report for the United Nation’s Rights Council released in 2015 showed, â€Å"†¦encryption and online anonymity advance freedom of opinion and expression† (Kary and Pettersson, 2016). What is significant a bout this report is that it included the input from other countries, including Cuba, Lebanon, Kazakhstan, Sweden, Turkey, Germany, Ireland, and the United States. All of their input was taken into

Reflection Of The Freedom Writers - 886 Words

The Freedom Writers Diary is a captivating story of the life of students living in Long Beach, California, and simultaneously an important achievement to those responsible for its creation. It recounts the experiences of teenaged students, and presents them in a way that, to many, is surprisingly relatable. Despite the obvious major differences that their stories have to others, they describe a similar basic concept or struggle that many have also undergone. Even so, the story does not seem entirely necessary to teach in modern schools. The story of the Freedom Writers is inspiring, but fails to succeed as an entirely necessary narrative device. It sometimes provides rather unhelpful advice, illustrates only hopeless situations, and falls†¦show more content†¦For this reason, it could hypothetically be more detrimental than beneficial to certain types of people in high school. The Freedom Writers Diary describes many situations that, rather than inspire people, can easily di scourage them just the same. Throughout the course of the book, many of the students’ experiences are described in detail, and often only succeed in explaining a depressing or hopeless situation. It is true that the same people that wrote these entries eventually escaped their situation, but it was almost entirely because of the help of their teacher. In a typical classroom, if students were troubled by similar issues, they would likely not be allowed to vent in the same manner that these students did. As such, it would not take much to simply worsen the dispositions of any who read it. The only reason that those in the story were able to change themselves was because of the guidance of their teacher. In a classroom reading the book, however, people may not have such luck. Unfortunately, the book is primarily composed of tragic and desperate affairs, and rather than encourage its audience to change their lives, it may just push them further over the edge, so to speak. The Fre edom Writers Diary, in addition to the aforementioned negative traits, also fails to reinforce the aspects of English and language arts as other stories do. Though few and far between, errors are present in the writing that may go unnoticed by most, but prove that theShow MoreRelatedReflection Of Freedom Writers852 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie, â€Å"Freedom Writers,† a teacher, Mrs. Gruwell, starts teaching in 1994 at Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, California. She was a kindly teacher, and honestly. She wears a nice dress, and she looks like has a rich family. In fact, she was a volunteer to be a teacher that high school. When she started the teach, she saw her students divided racial lines. 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Preparing Professionally For A Visit - 1236 Words

Preparing Professionally for a Trip to Japan Visiting another country can be an eye-opening experience, but taking the time to research the culture before visiting can be somewhat eye-opening as well. Many of us do not understand that it is vital for a successful business trip to learn the ideals, traits, principles, and customs of another country’s culture, as they are often at times very different from our own. If a job required me to move to Japan for two years, it would be crucial for me to understand the five key dimensions of culture, which include context, individualism/collectivism, time orientation, power distance, and communication style, and research these dimensions in Japan’s culture in order to increase the odds of the business trip being a successful one. A culture’s context can basically be described as the background or environment, along with surrounding circumstances, in which professional communication takes place, and can be broken down in to two more specific categories known as low-context and high-context. â€Å"Low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented† (Guffey, 2014, p.89). These types of cultures tend to prefer clear and concise information and do not consider looking at non-verbal cues, relationships, or the setting when communicating. High-context cultures are the complete opposite of low-context and focus more on â€Å"interpersonal relationships, nonverbal expression, physical setting, and social setting† (Guffey, 2014,Show MoreRelatedEducation Plan Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesof the CEO Program academies provide career exploration opportunities through a variety of strategies. 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It was extremely eye opening to all the health inequalities that humans suffer throughout the world. During my visit, I reconnected with my uncle, who was born blind. His acceptance of adversity with remarkable stoicism amazes me and as my first time seeing him as an adult, I realized how unprepared I was to help him. By admitting to my lack of knowledge to a life so different than mine, I asked him a series of q uestions to obtain a better

Advantages Disadvantages Geographic Filing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advantages Disadvantages Geographic Filing? Answer: Introducation The Geographic Information System or GIS is the device on the basis of computers. They have been helping the users for collecting and storing any kind of data. In the GIS the electronic based representations are delivered accounting to the both earth and manmade characteristics. Significance of the research The integration of the system of software, hardware and the trained personnel that has been linking to various activities is termed under the Geographic Information System or GIS. This has been including the facility, utility, image, demographic and the other resource information referenced geographically. The GIS has been integrated collection of the data and software. It has visually organizing data across the concepts of the geographic space and location. The research has been useful for geographical analysis. This also includes the database management, map making and geospatial statistics. The research aims at the following aspects. Studying the distribution of populations Studying the distribution of the populations Finding the optimal location to start the locating any event or business Studying the physical features of the natural phenomena and the earth Identifying the markets to the target Identifying the geographic patterns such as clustering Determining the best paths or routes to follow Tying together the distinct pieces of data for creating the new information Creating the maps How original is the approach? The originality of the research has been lying in the applications such as containing the links to the GIS initiatives by state health departments, federal government for providing the instances in various ways. In this way the technology management could be applied to various kinds of data systems. The publications have been ye providing the links to the professionals publishing the GIS research. The funding has been providing the users with the present GIS funding scopes and program announcements. The research provides suggestions for how the funding could be obtained and then lists the presently funded GIS grants. Literature review in the area what you are working "Research Guides: Mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS): What is GIS?", Researchguides.library.wisc.edu, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/GIS. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. The GIS could be used as the tool to solve problems and make decisions. It has been visualizing the data in the spatial scenario. The geospatial data could be analyzed for finding the relationship and location of the features. This has been including they were the least of highest of the features has been existing. There has been also the density of the features in a particular space, happenings inside the area of interest, near some phenomenon or feature. Lastly it also included the change in a particular area. "7 Stories Showing the Strength of GIS", Gim-international.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.gim-international.com/content/news/7-stories-that-show-the-strength-of-gis. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. The geographic information system has been allowing the people to analyze and view the data that has been overlaid maps and make connections. This has between the activities based on the geographic proximity. The researchers have been using the GIS mapping for about more than a couple of decades. This has been done on a wide range of contexts like military modeling and simulation. This has been on the healthcare quality and delivery. It has documented the demographic and the neighborhood changes. [3]"Geographic Information Systems | News, Videos Articles", Global News, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://globalnews.ca/tag/geographic-information-systems/. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. The anniversary logo of Canadas 150 th anniversary has been uploaded into the GIS software. This has helped the technicians to program the proper GPS coordinated to the on board computer into the combine. As the combine has been positioned at the proper starting point, the GPS program turned the wheel and investigated itself for over four hours to finish the 500 meter broad image The research has not considered the expensiveness of the software. It has overlooked the huge data inputs required to be practical for other tasks. The research has considered the earth to be round. These errors might occur has the get into the larger scale. The aims of the research are described below: The research aims to improve the organizational integration. Thus GIS could be able to integrate hardware, software and data for capturing, managing and analyzing every kind of data referenced integration. It must be solving all the queries through looking at the data quickly and easily shared. Material Methods Here the techniques, workflows and data flows are included in the GIS data collection. This process has been referred to as the data conversion, transfer, digitizing, translation and many more Data Collection The data collection methods are discussed hereby. Planning: This includes the garnering resources and user requirements. Preparation: This includes the obtaining of data, editing of the scanned map images, redrafting of the poor-quality map sources, setting of proper GIS hardware and the software systems for accepting the data. Digitizing and transferring: Here most of the efforts are to be expended. Editing and improvement: It has covering various tools designs for validate the data and improve quality. Evaluation: It is the process to identify the success and failure of the project. Data Inclusion Criteria Here the secondary sources like the digital and the analog datasets are used to capture. This has been needed to convert into a proper digital form to use in a GIS project. Selected Attribute Description Attribute Name Data Type Description Documents secondary They are scanned to decrease the wear and tear, and increase the access and deliver the integrated storage of storage. Film, paper maps, images and aerial photographs secondary They are scanned and then geo-referenced such that they deliver the geographic context for the additional data. Maps, aerial photographs and images These are needed to be scanned before the vectorization. Secondary vector data capture This includes the data capturing through the various digitizing the vector objects from the maps and the other geographic data sources. Data Analysis The collaborative project has constituted the decision-making approach that has been data driven. This is done by using the small area risk factors. Here the spatial forms of the data are utilized to assess the phenomenon around the space and make the informed decisions. This is done about the most proper system-wide and individual responses. The small area factors of risk are utilized for taking the benefits of the available resources of the information,. This is to improve the impact, provision and planning at the state and the national level. The secondary data analysis is used to facilitate the geography based necessity assessment. This has showed the large areas of risk overlapping the spatial clusters of the users. One of the important necessities for the secondary data entry has been the common identifier also known as the key. This is used to relate the object attributes and geometry together following the data capture. The research has resulted in financial the way in which the Web2.0 technologies could enable the individual projects and the organizations to use the users to collect information around the large variety of the geographic and thematic areas. Most of the common principles for the GIS project could be applied to the data collection. This includes the need for the easily articulated plan, sufficient resources, proper funding and the enough time. It has helped in making the important decisions for the managers whether to undergo the strategy of the incremental or the very quick collection. The research also helps to find how to find the decision whether the data collection could be used in house or the external resources. Discussion The research reveals that the GIS could visualize the spatial information. It has the efficiency to generate the maps with the images displayed. It could be used for various ranges of tasks involving the geography. It has been providing the solutions for the problems and could model the seismic activities precisely. The technology has been offering time managing, offering the quick collection of the data. It has been presenting the data catalog, high accuracy and displaying better analysis and predictions. It has improving the organizational integration and integrates the data software and hardware to capture, analyze and manage. It has been displaying all kinds of geographically referenced information. The research has helped to answer the queries and resolve the issues through looking at the data the way that is understood quickly and shared easily. It could be integrated into the Enterprise Information Framework. The research data could also used in the natural resource management including the hill-slope gradients, stream networks, stream gradients, aspects and the GIS information that is vector like the stream channels. However it must be reminded that the GIS have been very costly software. It has needed huge amount of data inputs that are to be practical for some tasks. The GIS signal also needs to found at the remote sectors. This could be relied on and the error gets increased as one gets into the larger scale since the earth is round. The funding of GIS is also important since it has been costly and there could be the loss of knowledge of geography. Moreover, the GIS layers have been causing few expensive mistakes. This takes place as the property agents interpret the GIS map or the engineers design round the utility lines of the GIS. Further the availability of the data has been an important problem. As the data is unavailable the GIS systems turns to be useless. It has been also seen that the GIS has been technical in nature and could portray the results being more reliable that they actually have been. The errors and the assumptions could be hidden. This has been leading to the lack of quest ioning into the outcomes. Lastly another problem to analyze the results from the GIS is proper depending on the data they have been coming from. Conclusions It could be concluded by saying that despite the major advances, the spatial statistical capacity of the typical software has been relatively restricted. The research has shown that the integration of the extended spatial statistical or analytical capabilities with the different various visualization and the data discovery tools has been the upcoming frontier for GIS. Moreover, the study has analyzed the practical issues related to the controlling of the data capture projects. The paper has highlighted the activities of various departments that have integrated GIS successfully in their daily activities through the literature review. The intention of the research has been deliver the sense to excite the potential and possibilities held by GIS to improve the public health practice. Moreover, it has provided the clear view into the resource implications and challenges to implement the technology at various settings. References [1]"Research Guides: management and Geographic Information Systems (GIS): What is GIS?",Researchguides.library.wisc.edu, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/GIS. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [2]"7 Stories Showing the Strength of GIS",Gim-international.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.gim-international.com/content/news/7-stories-that-show-the-strength-of-gis. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [3]"Geographic Information Systems | News, Videos Articles",Global News, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://globalnews.ca/tag/geographic-information-systems/. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [4]N. Sipe and P. Dale, "Cite a Website - Cite This For Me", 2017. [5]H. Soffar, H. Soffar, H. Soffar and H. Soffar, "GIS Data ( Geographic Information Systems ) uses , advantages and disadvantages | Science online",Science online, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.online-sciences.com/technology/gis-data-geographic-information-systems-uses-advantages-and-disadvantages/. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [6]"What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Geographic Filing? | Techwalla.com",Techwalla, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-geographic-filing. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [7]"Geographic Information System (GIS)",Environment-ecology.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://environment-ecology.com/geographical-information-systems-gis/579-geographic-information-system-gis.html. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [8]"Top Five Benefits of GIS",GIS and economics, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://gisandscience.com/2009/09/14/top-five-benefits-of-gis/. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [9]"Geographic Information Systems and Public Health: Benefits and Challenges",National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://nccid.ca/publications/geographic-information-systems-and-public-health-benefits-and-challenges/. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017]. [10]"Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | In-Service ICT Training for Environmental Professionals",Isepei.org, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://isepei.org/technologies/gis. [Accessed: 06- Oct- 2017].

International Business. European Union

The Evolution of the European Union After the Second World War, Robert Schumann proposed a plan to unite Europe; however, he realized that it could not be done at once. He proposed that it could be built through its achievements. The union began by the establishment of three European Communities; Coal and Steel Community, Atomic Energy Community and the Economic Community (Harrop 24).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business. European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The treaty which established the Economic Community is a Rome treaty which was a framework treaty that led to the attainment a Customs Union. The treaty also set out objectives that led to the development of guidelines for policies in economic activities. The treaties that established European communities created institutions that were in charge of activities of each community (Nugent 216). In mid-eighties, the building blocks for the European Community changed with the establishment of a single European Act. An internal market was established in 1992, and during this year, the Maastricht Treaty led to the formalization of the European Union; this defines a community that has common policies in different areas (Harrop 43). In 1999, a Monetary Union was established together with a common citizenship, foreign as well as security policies. The union started operating on three pillars: Common Foreign and security, the European Community, cooperation in police and judicial criminal matters. Political structure in the European Union â€Å"The European Union consists of European countries that are democratic; they are committed to working for peace and prosperity† (Tatham, 2009). This union has five institutions, with each institution playing its specific role. These institutions include the European Parliament, Court of auditors, Court of justice, European Commission and the European Union council. Apart fr om these five institutions, there are other important bodies such as the European Investment Bank, European Ombudsman, European Central Bank, Committee of the regions and the European Social and Economic Committee. The European Union has a rule of law, which is fundamental to the union where all its procedures and decisions are based on the union treaties and are agreed upon by all the member countries (Hix and Hoyland, 209). The Union is unique on its own in that it is not a federal government and it is also not just a union of a countries; its political system was established on a chain of treaties and has been evolving over the past years.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The treaties represent both the national interests and collective interests. The treaties have primary legislation, and it is from the primary legislation that secondary legislation is derived; it is thro ugh the secondary legislation that the union impacts the lives of its citizens (Nugent 186). The legislation consists of directives, regulations and recommendations and these laws are according to the policies of the European Union. The decisions about the laws are made by the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Union Council. The position of the Council is presided over by each member country after very six month, and each council meeting is attended by each member country’s minister, and the decision on which minister to attend the meeting is made basing on the topic on the gender. The European Parliament is a body that is elected to represent the Member states citizens, this body also participates in the process of legislation with the election of its members scheduled to take place after five years. The Council and the European Parliament share legislative power and have an equal responsibility during the adoption of the European Union budget; th ey debate of the budget proposed by the European Commission, and they can pass the budget or reject it (Hix and Hoyland 323). Through the budgetary powers, the parliament is able to influence policy making in the European Union. The body exercises democratic control; it has the mandate of dismissing the Commission through the adoption of censure motion; the parliament also ensures that the policies of the union are managed and implemented correctly. The European commission is an institution which does its activities with political independence, and makes shore that the interests of the union are protected. It also ensures that the regulations and directives of the union are adopted by the Parliament and the Council, and if not the offending party is taken to the Court of Justice by the Commission (Hix and Hoyland 212). The commission also proposes new EU legislation; therefore, it is mandated to take action to help the Council and Parliament to agree. On the other hand, the commissi on is under the Parliament; therefore, it is answerable to the Parliament.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business. European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Single European Act The Single European Act is an act that was signed in The Hague and Luxembourg, and started functioning in 1987. The act represents the European Communities first treaties’ modification. Among other modifications, this modification gave the European Council a formal recognition with the creation of a court and an introduction of new procedures for legislation (Nugent 48). The parliament was given veto powers on the accession of new members and agreement conclusion with associated member states. The force behind the adoption of this act was in Article 8A; this article sets the single objective of the market. In 1985, the programme of the Single market objective proposal implied that the approval of many dire ctives sought to eliminate obstacle that had been recognized. The act also had a significant policy on industrial relations and employment; the Social Action Programme of the commission in 1989 brought to light the concern of working time. This issue could have concentrated on the effects of working time on completion in the local market; it could have allowed for the approval by majority voting, however, the issue could have raised a question of whether to exclude the proposal from the majority voting regime considering paragraph 2 in Article 100A (Nugent 167). During this event, there was an argument by the commission on whether the regulatory practices on diversity regarding working time flexibility threatened health and well-being of workers; this argument was meant to push for a way out to Article 118A. The challenge by the United Kingdom to the choice of the Commission regarding working time directives was adopted by the council, but it did not succeed. The Establishment of th e Euro Euro is a currency used by the members of the European Union; it is also used in Kosovo, Andorra and Montenegro. This currency is as a result of monetary reform during the Roman Empire in Europe. The creation of this currency perfected the single market in Europe; it is through the euro that Europe achieved political integration.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The idea of the euro was in Europe for decade; this is according to the Rome’s treaty in 1957, however, the currency formally started circulating in 2002 (Eliassen 78). In 1979, there was an introduction of the European Monetary System together with locked exchange rates within the participating countries; this set basics for the single currency creation. After seven years, the euro was created after the participating member countries created exchange rates between their currencies; this created a monetary union (Hill et al 57). The transition took 3 years with the use of euro as electric money, and later, the euro notes and coins took over; up to now, the member states use Euro as a single currency and they have a common central bank as well as a common interest rate. Enlargement of the European Union Currently, the European Union has an ambitious plan of enlarging its integration; the enlargement is aimed at reuniting the Europe as a continent. The union believes that the m ove will consolidate democracy and peace in Europe and make the European people to share the benefits which have been accrued through the progress of the European Union together with the welfare generated by the integration (Bradley et al 205). More countries have applied to be members of the European integration. The members and the union are still negotiating about the circumstances of their integration with the union (Weiler 39). Each country is unique, therefore, members are negotiating with the unions at their own pace and this depends on the situation in each country. The European Union gives rules for members who want to become members; for a country to be a member of European Union, it should have a stable democracy, which would ensure that there is a rule of law, protection from minority groups and human right protection (Nugent 146). The country’s market economy must be functioning well and its public administration should be in a position to apply as well as manage EU laws. Works Cited Bradley, John et al. Integration, growth and cohesion in an enlarged European Union. Chicago: Springer, 2005. Print. Eliassen, Kjell. Foreign and security policy in the European Union. New York: SAGE, 1998. Print. Harrop, Jeffrey. The political economy of integration in the European Union. Camberley: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000. Print. Hill, Charles et al. Global Business Today. Whitby: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Limited, 2006. Print. Hix, Simon Hoyland, Bjorn. The Political System of the European Union. Sydney: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. Nugent, Neill. The government and politics of the European Union. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. Print. Tatham, Allan. Enlargement of the European Union. Cambridge: Kluwer Law International, 2009. Print. Weiler, Joseph et al. Integration in an expanding European Union: reassessing the fundamentals. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003. Print. This essay on International Business. European Union was written and submitted by user L1v1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.